{'created': '2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Per Apple’s documentation, startup items execute during the '
                'final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or '
                'other executable files along with configuration information '
                'used by the system to determine the execution order for all '
                'startup items (Citation: Startup Items). This is technically '
                'a deprecated version (superseded by Launch Daemons), and thus '
                'the appropriate folder, <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> '
                'isn’t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does '
                'appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is '
                'a directory whose executable and configuration property list '
                '(plist), <code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the '
                'top-level directory. \n'
                '\n'
                'An adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the '
                'StartupItems directory to register their own persistence '
                'mechanism (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). '
                'Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase '
                'of macOS, they will run as root. If an adversary is able to '
                'modify an existing Startup Item, then they will be able to '
                'Privilege Escalate as well.',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1165',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1165'},
                         {'description': 'Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup '
                                         'Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.',
                          'source_name': 'Startup Items',
                          'url': 'https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html'},
                         {'description': 'Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). '
                                         'Methods of Malware Persistence on '
                                         'Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.',
                          'source_name': 'Methods of Mac Malware Persistence',
                          'url': 'https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'persistence'},
                       {'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'privilege-escalation'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:48:34.254Z',
 'name': 'Startup Items',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': True,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': False,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['macOS'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.1'}