{'created': '2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications '
                'for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a '
                'fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating '
                'systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple '
                'mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when '
                'an Office-based application is started; this can include the '
                'use of Office Template Macros and add-ins.\n'
                '\n'
                'A variety of features have been discovered in Outlook that '
                'can be abused to obtain persistence, such as Outlook rules, '
                'forms, and Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) These '
                'persistence mechanisms can work within Outlook or be used '
                'through Office 365.(Citation: TechNet O365 Outlook Rules)',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1137',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137'},
                         {'description': 'Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April '
                                         '22). Detect and Remediate Outlook '
                                         'Rules and Custom Forms Injections '
                                         'Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved '
                                         'February 4, 2019.',
                          'source_name': 'Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms',
                          'url': 'https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack'},
                         {'description': 'Koeller, B.. (2018, February 21). '
                                         'Defending Against Rules and Forms '
                                         'Injection. Retrieved November 5, '
                                         '2019.',
                          'source_name': 'TechNet O365 Outlook Rules',
                          'url': 'https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/office365security/defending-against-rules-and-forms-injection/'},
                         {'description': 'Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). '
                                         'Using Outlook Forms for Lateral '
                                         'Movement and Persistence. Retrieved '
                                         'February 5, 2019.',
                          'source_name': 'CrowdStrike Outlook Forms',
                          'url': 'https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746'},
                         {'description': 'SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: '
                                         'A tool to abuse Exchange services. '
                                         'Retrieved February 4, 2019.',
                          'source_name': 'SensePost Ruler GitHub',
                          'url': 'https://github.com/sensepost/ruler'},
                         {'description': 'SensePost. (2017, September 21). '
                                         'NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, '
                                         'provides blue teams with the ability '
                                         'to detect Ruler usage against '
                                         'Exchange. Retrieved February 4, '
                                         '2019.',
                          'source_name': 'SensePost NotRuler',
                          'url': 'https://github.com/sensepost/notruler'},
                         {'description': 'Soutcast. (2018, September 14). '
                                         'Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. '
                                         'Retrieved February 5, 2019.',
                          'source_name': 'Outlook Today Home Page',
                          'url': 'https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'persistence'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:48:34.614Z',
 'name': 'Office Application Startup',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_contributors': ['Nick Carr, Mandiant',
                          'Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)',
                          'Sahar Shukrun',
                          'Praetorian',
                          'Loic Jaquemet',
                          'Ricardo Dias'],
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': False,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['Windows', 'Office Suite'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.4'}

---

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