MITRE ATT&CK Technique
Impact
T1491
Description
Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages.
Supported Platforms
Windows
IaaS
Linux
macOS
ESXi
Created
April 29, 2026
Last Updated
April 29, 2026
STIX Data
{'created': '2019-04-08T17:51:41.390Z',
'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
'description': 'Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or '
'externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the '
'integrity of the original content. Reasons for '
'[Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) '
'include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming '
'(possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or '
'offensive images may be used as a part of '
'[Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in '
'order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance '
'with accompanying messages. \n',
'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1491',
'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491'}],
'id': 'attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b',
'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
'phase_name': 'impact'}],
'modified': '2025-10-24T17:48:49.761Z',
'name': 'Defacement',
'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
'spec_version': '2.1',
'type': 'attack-pattern',
'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
'x_mitre_detection': '',
'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
'x_mitre_impact_type': ['Integrity'],
'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': False,
'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
'x_mitre_platforms': ['Windows', 'IaaS', 'Linux', 'macOS', 'ESXi'],
'x_mitre_version': '1.4'}