MITRE ATT&CK Technique
Impact T1491
Description

Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages.

Supported Platforms
Windows IaaS Linux macOS ESXi
Created

April 29, 2026

Last Updated

April 29, 2026

STIX Data
{'created': '2019-04-08T17:51:41.390Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or '
                'externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the '
                'integrity of the original content. Reasons for '
                '[Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) '
                'include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming '
                '(possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or '
                'offensive images may be used as a part of '
                '[Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in '
                'order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance '
                'with accompanying messages. \n',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1491',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'impact'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:48:49.761Z',
 'name': 'Defacement',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_impact_type': ['Integrity'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': False,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['Windows', 'IaaS', 'Linux', 'macOS', 'ESXi'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.4'}
Quick Actions
Related Threat Actors (1)
devman
High