{'created': '2020-03-14T23:12:18.466Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may use an external proxy to act as an '
                'intermediary for network communications to a command and '
                'control server to avoid direct connections to their '
                'infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic '
                'redirection through proxies or port redirection, including '
                '[HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, '
                'and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) '
                'Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and '
                'control communications, to provide resiliency in the face of '
                'connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted '
                'communications paths to avoid suspicion.\n'
                '\n'
                'External connection proxies are used to mask the destination '
                'of C2 traffic and are typically implemented with port '
                'redirectors. Compromised systems outside of the victim '
                'environment may be used for these purposes, as well as '
                'purchased infrastructure such as cloud-based resources or '
                'virtual private servers. Proxies may be chosen based on the '
                'low likelihood that a connection to them from a compromised '
                'system would be investigated. Victim systems would '
                'communicate directly with the external proxy on the Internet '
                'and then the proxy would forward communications to the C2 '
                'server.',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1090.002',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/002'},
                         {'description': 'Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, '
                                         'S. (2014, February). Command & '
                                         'Control Understanding, Denying and '
                                         'Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.',
                          'source_name': 'University of Birmingham C2',
                          'url': 'https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf'},
                         {'description': 'Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). '
                                         'In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of '
                                         'the Trade. Retrieved December 2, '
                                         '2015.',
                          'source_name': 'Trend Micro APT Attack Tools',
                          'url': 'http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'command-and-control'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:48:54.165Z',
 'name': 'External Proxy',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['ESXi', 'Linux', 'Network Devices', 'Windows', 'macOS'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.3'}

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