{'created': '2020-02-20T14:34:08.496Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'An adversary may deface systems external to an organization '
                'in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise '
                'mislead an organization or users. [External '
                'Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) '
                'may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to '
                'question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing '
                'websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by '
                'adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political '
                'message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats '
                'to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US '
                'Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers '
                'Deface Russian Govt Site) [External '
                'Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) '
                'may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response '
                'to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, '
                'website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, '
                'for future attacks such as [Drive-by '
                'Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: '
                'Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1491.002',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002'},
                         {'description': 'Andy. (2018, May 12). ‘Anonymous’ '
                                         'Hackers Deface Russian Govt. Site to '
                                         'Protest Web-Blocking (NSFW). '
                                         'Retrieved April 19, 2019.',
                          'source_name': 'Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian '
                                         'Govt Site',
                          'url': 'https://torrentfreak.com/anonymous-hackers-deface-russian-govt-site-to-protest-web-blocking-nsfw-180512/'},
                         {'description': 'FireEye. (n.d.). Retrieved November '
                                         '17, 2024.',
                          'source_name': 'FireEye Cyber Threats to Media '
                                         'Industries',
                          'url': 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210719110553/https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/ib-entertainment.pdf'},
                         {'description': 'Kevin Mandia. (2017, March 30). '
                                         'Prepared Statement of Kevin Mandia, '
                                         'CEO of FireEye, Inc. before the '
                                         'United States Senate Select '
                                         'Committee on Intelligence. Retrieved '
                                         'April 19, 2019.',
                          'source_name': 'Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate '
                                         'Committee on Intelligence',
                          'url': 'https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-kmandia-033017.pdf'},
                         {'description': 'Marco Balduzzi, Ryan Flores, Lion '
                                         'Gu, Federico Maggi, Vincenzo '
                                         'Ciancaglini, Roel Reyes, Akira '
                                         'Urano. (n.d.). A Deep Dive into '
                                         'Defacement: How Geopolitical Events '
                                         'Trigger Web Attacks. Retrieved April '
                                         '19, 2019.',
                          'source_name': 'Trend Micro Deep Dive Into '
                                         'Defacement',
                          'url': 'https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-a-deep-dive-into-defacement.pdf'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'impact'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:48:23.460Z',
 'name': 'External Defacement',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_impact_type': ['Integrity'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['Windows', 'IaaS', 'Linux', 'macOS'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.2'}