{'created': '2020-03-14T22:34:03.024Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web '
                'service as a means for sending commands to and receiving '
                'output from a compromised system over the Web service '
                'channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites '
                'and social media to host command and control (C2) '
                'instructions. Those infected systems can then send the output '
                'from those commands back over that Web service channel. The '
                'return traffic may occur in a variety of ways, depending on '
                'the Web service being utilized. For example, the return '
                'traffic may take the form of the compromised system posting a '
                'comment on a forum, issuing a pull request to development '
                'project, updating a document hosted on a Web service, or by '
                'sending a Tweet. \n'
                '\n'
                'Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for '
                'C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the '
                'likelihood that hosts within a network are already '
                'communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common '
                'services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes '
                'it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web '
                'service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving '
                'adversaries an added level of protection. ',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1102.002',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/002'},
                         {'description': 'Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, '
                                         'S. (2014, February). Command & '
                                         'Control Understanding, Denying and '
                                         'Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.',
                          'source_name': 'University of Birmingham C2',
                          'url': 'https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'command-and-control'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:49:18.602Z',
 'name': 'Bidirectional Communication',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['Linux', 'macOS', 'Windows', 'ESXi'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.1'}

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