{'created': '2020-01-15T18:00:33.603Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at '
                'boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items '
                'execute during the final phase of the boot process and '
                'contain shell scripts or other executable files along with '
                'configuration information used by the system to determine the '
                'execution order for all startup items.(Citation: Startup '
                'Items)\n'
                '\n'
                'This is technically a deprecated technology (superseded by '
                '[Launch '
                'Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)), and '
                'thus the appropriate folder, '
                '<code>/Library/StartupItems</code> isn’t guaranteed to exist '
                'on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default '
                'on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose '
                'executable and configuration property list (plist), '
                '<code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the top-level '
                'directory. \n'
                '\n'
                'An adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the '
                'StartupItems directory to register their own persistence '
                'mechanism.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) '
                'Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase '
                'of macOS, they will run as the elevated root user.',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1037.005',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005'},
                         {'description': 'Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup '
                                         'Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.',
                          'source_name': 'Startup Items',
                          'url': 'https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html'},
                         {'description': 'Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). '
                                         'Methods of Malware Persistence on '
                                         'Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.',
                          'source_name': 'Methods of Mac Malware Persistence',
                          'url': 'https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--c0dfe7b0-b873-4618-9ff8-53e31f70907f',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'persistence'},
                       {'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'privilege-escalation'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:49:19.678Z',
 'name': 'Startup Items',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['macOS'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.1'}