MITRE ATT&CK Technique
Execution T1059.012
Description

Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and `vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be able to leverage these tools in order to support further actions, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).

Supported Platforms
ESXi
Created

April 29, 2026

Last Updated

April 29, 2026

STIX Data
{'created': '2025-03-26T20:01:13.412Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters '
                '(CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs '
                'typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing '
                'both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it '
                'hosts. \n'
                '\n'
                'For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and '
                '`vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules '
                'and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, '
                'start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom '
                'ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor '
                'Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be '
                'able to leverage these tools in order to support further '
                'actions, such as [File and Directory '
                'Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or '
                '[Data Encrypted for '
                'Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1059.012',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/012'},
                         {'description': 'Broadcom. (n.d.). ESXCLI Reference. '
                                         'Retrieved March 27, 2025.',
                          'source_name': 'Broadcom ESXCLI Reference',
                          'url': 'https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/latest/'},
                         {'description': 'Janantha Marasinghe. (n.d.). Living '
                                         'Off The Land ESXi. Retrieved April '
                                         '14, 2025.',
                          'source_name': 'LOLESXi',
                          'url': 'https://lolesxi-project.github.io/LOLESXi/'},
                         {'description': 'Michael Dawson. (2021, August 30). '
                                         'Hypervisor Jackpotting, Part 2: '
                                         'eCrime Actors Increase Targeting of '
                                         'ESXi Servers with Ransomware. '
                                         'Retrieved March 26, 2025.',
                          'source_name': 'Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting '
                                         'Pt 2 2021',
                          'url': 'https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/hypervisor-jackpotting-ecrime-actors-increase-targeting-of-esxi-servers/'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--d2d642da-61ff-4211-b4df-7923c9ca220c',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'execution'}],
 'modified': '2025-04-15T21:24:59.280Z',
 'name': 'Hypervisor CLI',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_contributors': ['Liran Ravich, CardinalOps', 'Janantha Marasinghe'],
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['ESXi'],
 'x_mitre_remote_support': False,
 'x_mitre_version': '1.0'}
Quick Actions
Related Threat Actors (1)
UNC3886
High