{'created': '2020-03-15T16:13:46.151Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols '
                'associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network '
                'filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to '
                'the remote system, and often the results of those commands, '
                'will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the '
                'client and server. \n'
                '\n'
                'Protocols such as HTTP/S(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) '
                'and WebSocket(Citation: Brazking-Websockets) that carry web '
                'traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets '
                'have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. '
                'An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with '
                'systems under their control within a victim network while '
                'also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1071.001',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001'},
                         {'description': 'Crowdstrike Global Intelligence '
                                         'Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike '
                                         'Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. '
                                         'Retrieved January 22, 2016.',
                          'source_name': 'CrowdStrike Putter Panda',
                          'url': 'http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf'},
                         {'description': 'Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, '
                                         'S. (2014, February). Command & '
                                         'Control Understanding, Denying and '
                                         'Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.',
                          'source_name': 'University of Birmingham C2',
                          'url': 'https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf'},
                         {'description': 'Shahar Tavor. (n.d.). BrazKing '
                                         'Android Malware Upgraded and '
                                         'Targeting Brazilian Banks. Retrieved '
                                         'March 24, 2023.',
                          'source_name': 'Brazking-Websockets',
                          'url': 'https://securityintelligence.com/posts/brazking-android-malware-upgraded-targeting-brazilian-banks/'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'command-and-control'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:49:29.591Z',
 'name': 'Web Protocols',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.3.0',
 'x_mitre_contributors': ['TruKno', 'Don Le, Stifel Financial'],
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['ESXi', 'Linux', 'macOS', 'Network Devices', 'Windows'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.5'}

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