{'created': '2020-10-01T02:11:47.237Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates '
                'that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the '
                'process of digitally signing executables and scripts to '
                'confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has '
                'not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level '
                'of authenticity for a program from the developer and a '
                'guarantee that the program has not been tampered '
                'with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security '
                'tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned '
                "piece of code even if they don't know who issued the "
                'certificate or who the author is.\n'
                '\n'
                'Prior to [Code '
                'Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), '
                'adversaries may purchase or steal code signing certificates '
                'for use in operations. The purchase of code signing '
                'certificates may be done using a front organization or using '
                'information stolen from a previously compromised entity that '
                'allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as '
                'that entity. Adversaries may also steal code signing '
                'materials directly from a compromised third-party.',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1588.003',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/003'},
                         {'description': 'Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code '
                                         'Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.',
                          'source_name': 'Wikipedia Code Signing',
                          'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--e7cbc1de-1f79-48ee-abfd-da1241c65a15',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'resource-development'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:49:32.891Z',
 'name': 'Code Signing Certificates',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['PRE'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.1'}

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