{'created': '2024-09-26T17:02:09.888Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may maintain persistence through executing '
                'malicious content triggered using udev rules. Udev is the '
                'Linux kernel device manager that dynamically manages device '
                'nodes, handles access to pseudo-device files in the `/dev` '
                'directory, and responds to hardware events, such as when '
                'external devices like hard drives or keyboards are plugged in '
                'or removed. Udev uses rule files with `match keys` to specify '
                'the conditions a hardware event must meet and `action keys` '
                'to define the actions that should follow. Root permissions '
                'are required to create, modify, or delete rule files located '
                'in `/etc/udev/rules.d/`, `/run/udev/rules.d/`, '
                '`/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/`, `/usr/local/lib/udev/rules.d/`, and '
                '`/lib/udev/rules.d/`. Rule priority is determined by both '
                'directory and by the digit prefix in the rule '
                'filename.(Citation: Ignacio Udev research 2024)(Citation: '
                'Elastic Linux Persistence 2024)\n'
                '\n'
                'Adversaries may abuse the udev subsystem by adding or '
                'modifying rules in udev rule files to execute malicious '
                'content. For example, an adversary may configure a rule to '
                'execute their binary each time the pseudo-device file, such '
                'as `/dev/random`, is accessed by an application. Although '
                'udev is limited to running short tasks and is restricted by '
                "systemd-udevd's sandbox (blocking network and filesystem "
                'access), attackers may use scripting commands under the '
                'action key `RUN+=` to detach and run the malicious content’s '
                'process in the background to bypass these controls.(Citation: '
                'Reichert aon sedexp 2024)',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1546.017',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/017'},
                         {'description': 'Eder P. Ignacio. (2024, February '
                                         '21). Leveraging Linux udev for '
                                         'persistence. Retrieved September 26, '
                                         '2024.',
                          'source_name': 'Ignacio Udev research 2024',
                          'url': 'https://ch4ik0.github.io/en/posts/leveraging-Linux-udev-for-persistence/'},
                         {'description': 'Ruben Groenewoud. (2024, August 29). '
                                         'Linux Detection Engineering -  A '
                                         'Sequel on Persistence Mechanisms. '
                                         'Retrieved October 16, 2024.',
                          'source_name': 'Elastic Linux Persistence 2024',
                          'url': 'https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/sequel-on-persistence-mechanisms'},
                         {'description': 'Zachary Reichert. (2024, August 19). '
                                         'Unveiling "sedexp": A Stealthy Linux '
                                         'Malware Exploiting udev Rules. '
                                         'Retrieved September 26, 2024.',
                          'source_name': 'Reichert aon sedexp 2024',
                          'url': 'https://www.aon.com/en/insights/cyber-labs/unveiling-sedexp'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--f4c3f644-ab33-433d-8648-75cc03a95792',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'persistence'},
                       {'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'privilege-escalation'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:49:37.034Z',
 'name': 'Udev Rules',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'revoked': False,
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.3.0',
 'x_mitre_contributors': ['Eduardo González Hernández (@codexlynx)',
                          'Eder Pérez Ignacio, @ch4ik0',
                          'Wirapong Petshagun',
                          '@grahamhelton3',
                          'Ruben Groenewoud (@RFGroenewoud)'],
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['Linux'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.0'}