MITRE ATT&CK Technique
Defense Evasion T1601.002
Description

Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security. Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) On embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only requires replacing the operating system file in storage. With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that file on next system restart. The adversary could then restart the device to implement the change immediately or they could wait until the next time the system restarts. Downgrading the system image to an older versions may allow an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600). Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it can be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).

Supported Platforms
Network Devices
Created

April 29, 2026

Last Updated

April 29, 2026

STIX Data
{'created': '2020-10-19T19:53:10.576Z',
 'created_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'description': 'Adversaries may install an older version of the operating '
                'system of a network device to weaken security.  Older '
                'operating system versions on network devices often have '
                'weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated '
                'defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n'
                '\n'
                'On embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only '
                'requires replacing the operating system file in storage.  '
                'With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by '
                'downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating '
                'system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that '
                'file on next system restart.  The adversary could then '
                'restart the device to implement the change immediately or '
                'they could wait until the next time the system restarts.\n'
                '\n'
                'Downgrading the system image to an older versions may allow '
                'an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as '
                '[Weaken '
                'Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600).  '
                'Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it '
                'can be used in conjunction with [Patch System '
                'Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).  ',
 'external_references': [{'external_id': 'T1601.002',
                          'source_name': 'mitre-attack',
                          'url': 'https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002'},
                         {'description': 'Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). '
                                         'Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS '
                                         'devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.',
                          'source_name': 'Cisco Synful Knock Evolution',
                          'url': 'https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices'}],
 'id': 'attack-pattern--fc74ba38-dc98-461f-8611-b3dbf9978e3d',
 'kill_chain_phases': [{'kill_chain_name': 'mitre-attack',
                        'phase_name': 'defense-evasion'}],
 'modified': '2025-10-24T17:49:39.331Z',
 'name': 'Downgrade System Image',
 'object_marking_refs': ['marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168'],
 'spec_version': '2.1',
 'type': 'attack-pattern',
 'x_mitre_attack_spec_version': '3.2.0',
 'x_mitre_deprecated': False,
 'x_mitre_detection': '',
 'x_mitre_domains': ['enterprise-attack'],
 'x_mitre_is_subtechnique': True,
 'x_mitre_modified_by_ref': 'identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5',
 'x_mitre_platforms': ['Network Devices'],
 'x_mitre_version': '1.1'}
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